diff --git a/src/app/components/ProfileCircle.svelte b/src/app/components/ProfileCircle.svelte
index 255cbffe..8d4561b6 100644
--- a/src/app/components/ProfileCircle.svelte
+++ b/src/app/components/ProfileCircle.svelte
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 <script lang="ts">
+  import type {Readable} from "svelte/store"
+  import {readable} from "svelte/store"
   import cx from "classnames"
-  import {removeUndefined} from "@welshman/lib"
+  import {ifLet, removeUndefined} from "@welshman/lib"
   import {deriveProfile} from "@welshman/app"
   import UserRounded from "@assets/icons/user-rounded.svg?dataurl"
   import ImageIcon from "@lib/components/ImageIcon.svelte"
 
   type Props = {
-    pubkey: string
+    pubkey?: string
     class?: string
     size?: number
     url?: string
@@ -14,11 +16,13 @@
 
   const {pubkey, url, size = 7, ...props}: Props = $props()
 
-  const profile = deriveProfile(pubkey, removeUndefined([url]))
+  const readableProfile = ifLet(pubkey, pk => deriveProfile(pk, removeUndefined([url])))
+  const emptyProfile = readable(undefined)
+  const profile: Readable<{picture?: string} | undefined> = readableProfile ?? emptyProfile
 </script>
 
 <ImageIcon
   {size}
   alt=""
   class={cx(props.class, "rounded-full")}
-  src={$profile?.picture || UserRounded} />
+  src={$profile?.picture ?? UserRounded} />
diff --git a/src/app/components/SpaceMenuRoomItem.svelte b/src/app/components/SpaceMenuRoomItem.svelte
index 19d4d4e1..1ac59b01 100644
--- a/src/app/components/SpaceMenuRoomItem.svelte
+++ b/src/app/components/SpaceMenuRoomItem.svelte
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
   import Icon from "@lib/components/Icon.svelte"
   import SecondaryNavItem from "@lib/components/SecondaryNavItem.svelte"
   import RoomNameWithImage from "@app/components/RoomNameWithImage.svelte"
+  import VoiceRoomItem from "@app/components/VoiceRoomItem.svelte"
   import {deriveRoom, deriveShouldNotify, getRoomType, RoomType} from "@app/core/state"
   import {notifications} from "@app/util/notifications"
   import {makeRoomPath} from "@app/util/routes"
-  import {joinVoiceRoom, currentVoiceSession} from "@app/voice"
 
   interface Props {
     url: any
@@ -24,21 +24,18 @@
   const shouldNotifyForSpace = deriveShouldNotify(url)
   const shouldNotifyForRoom = deriveShouldNotify(url, h)
   const showDifferenceIcon = $derived($shouldNotifyForRoom !== $shouldNotifyForSpace)
-
-  const handleClick = () => {
-    if (roomType !== RoomType.Voice) return
-    if ($currentVoiceSession?.url === url && $currentVoiceSession?.h === h) return
-    void joinVoiceRoom(url, h)
-  }
 </script>
 
-<SecondaryNavItem
-  href={path}
-  {replaceState}
-  onclick={handleClick}
-  notification={notify ? $notifications.has(path) : false}>
-  <RoomNameWithImage {url} {h} />
-  {#if showDifferenceIcon}
-    <Icon icon={$shouldNotifyForRoom ? Bell : BellOff} size={4} class="opacity-50" />
-  {/if}
-</SecondaryNavItem>
+{#if roomType === RoomType.Voice}
+  <VoiceRoomItem {url} {h} />
+{:else}
+  <SecondaryNavItem
+    href={path}
+    {replaceState}
+    notification={notify ? $notifications.has(path) : false}>
+    <RoomNameWithImage {url} {h} />
+    {#if showDifferenceIcon}
+      <Icon icon={$shouldNotifyForRoom ? Bell : BellOff} size={4} class="opacity-50" />
+    {/if}
+  </SecondaryNavItem>
+{/if}
diff --git a/src/app/components/VoiceRoomItem.svelte b/src/app/components/VoiceRoomItem.svelte
index d77da0d1..6f37923e 100644
--- a/src/app/components/VoiceRoomItem.svelte
+++ b/src/app/components/VoiceRoomItem.svelte
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
     joinVoiceRoom,
     leaveVoiceRoom,
     currentVoiceSession,
-    speakingPubkeys,
+    isParticipantSpeaking,
+    participantKey,
+    type VoiceParticipant,
   } from "@app/voice"
 
   interface Props {
@@ -46,8 +48,8 @@
   }
 
   $effect(() => {
-    for (const pk of $participants) {
-      loadProfile(pk)
+    for (const p of $participants) {
+      if (p.pubkey) loadProfile(p.pubkey)
     }
   })
 </script>
@@ -65,17 +67,17 @@
       <RoomName {url} {h} />
     </div>
     {#if $participants.length > 0}
-      {#each $participants as pk (pk)}
+      {#each $participants as p (participantKey(p as VoiceParticipant))}
         <div class="flex items-center gap-2 ml-6">
           <div
             class={cx(
               "inline-flex shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full transition-shadow",
-              isActive && $speakingPubkeys.has(pk) && "ring-2 ring-success",
+              isActive && $isParticipantSpeaking(p) && "ring-2 ring-success",
             )}>
-            <ProfileCircle pubkey={pk} size={5} class="h-5 w-5" />
+            <ProfileCircle pubkey={p.pubkey} size={5} class="h-5 w-5" />
           </div>
           <span class="ellipsize text-xs opacity-70">
-            {displayProfileByPubkey(pk)}
+            {p.pubkey ? displayProfileByPubkey(p.pubkey) : "Unknown"}
           </span>
         </div>
       {/each}
diff --git a/src/app/core/sync.ts b/src/app/core/sync.ts
index f5737d45..ebe46474 100644
--- a/src/app/core/sync.ts
+++ b/src/app/core/sync.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ import {
   loadFeedsForPubkey,
 } from "@app/core/state"
 import {hasBlossomSupport} from "@app/core/commands"
-import {ROOM_PRESENCE} from "@app/voice"
+import {LIVEKIT_PARTICIPANTS} from "@app/voice"
 
 // Utils
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ const syncSpace = (url: string, rooms: string[]) => {
   pullAndListen({
     url,
     signal: controller.signal,
-    filters: [{kinds: [ROOM_PRESENCE]}],
+    filters: [{kinds: [LIVEKIT_PARTICIPANTS]}],
   })
 
   return () => controller.abort()
diff --git a/src/app/voice.ts b/src/app/voice.ts
index 2a952474..7c9289b7 100644
--- a/src/app/voice.ts
+++ b/src/app/voice.ts
@@ -4,21 +4,19 @@
  */
 import {DisconnectReason, Room, RoomEvent, Track} from "livekit-client"
 import {derived, get, writable} from "svelte/store"
-import {now} from "@welshman/lib"
-import {makeEvent, makeHttpAuth, makeHttpAuthHeader, getTagValue} from "@welshman/util"
-import {signer, publishThunk} from "@welshman/app"
+import {uniqBy} from "@welshman/lib"
+import type {TrustedEvent} from "@welshman/util"
+import {makeHttpAuth, makeHttpAuthHeader, getTags} from "@welshman/util"
+import {signer} from "@welshman/app"
 import {getLivekitEndpoint} from "$lib/livekit"
 import {AbortError, whenAborted, whenTimeout} from "$lib/util"
-import {deriveEventsForUrl} from "@app/core/state"
+import {deriveLatestEventForUrl} from "@app/core/state"
 import {pushToast} from "@app/util/toast"
 
-export const ROOM_PRESENCE = 10312
+export const LIVEKIT_PARTICIPANTS = 39004
 
 export {checkRelayHasLivekit} from "$lib/livekit"
 
-const PRESENCE_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000
-const PRESENCE_EXPIRY_S = 300
-
 export type VoiceSession = {
   url: string
   h: string
@@ -26,9 +24,49 @@ export type VoiceSession = {
   muted: boolean
 }
 
+export type Pubkey = string
+
+export type VoiceParticipant = {pubkey?: Pubkey; identity: string}
+
 export const currentVoiceSession = writable<VoiceSession | undefined>(undefined)
 
-export const speakingPubkeys = writable(new Set<string>())
+export const participantPubkeyMap = writable<Map<string, Pubkey>>(new Map())
+
+const addParticipant = (identity: string) => {
+  participantPubkeyMap.update(m => {
+    const next = new Map(m)
+    next.set(identity, pubkeyFromLiveKitIdentity(identity) ?? "")
+    return next
+  })
+}
+
+const deleteParticipant = (identity: string) => {
+  participantPubkeyMap.update(m => {
+    const next = new Map(m)
+    next.delete(identity)
+    return next
+  })
+}
+
+const currentVoiceRoom = derived(currentVoiceSession, s => (s ? {url: s.url, h: s.h} : undefined))
+
+export const pubkeyFromLiveKitIdentity = (identity: string): string | undefined =>
+  /^[a-f0-9]{64}$/.test(identity.slice(0, 64)) ? identity.slice(0, 64) : undefined
+
+export const participantFromLiveKitIdentity = (identity: string): VoiceParticipant => {
+  const pk = pubkeyFromLiveKitIdentity(identity)
+  return pk ? {pubkey: pk, identity} : {identity}
+}
+
+export const participantKey = (p: VoiceParticipant) => p.pubkey ?? p.identity
+
+export const speakingParticipants = writable<VoiceParticipant[]>([])
+
+export const isParticipantSpeaking = derived(
+  speakingParticipants,
+  $participants => (p: VoiceParticipant) =>
+    $participants.some(sp => participantKey(sp) === participantKey(p)),
+)
 
 const fetchLivekitToken = async (
   url: string,
@@ -60,54 +98,39 @@ const fetchLivekitToken = async (
 }
 
 export const deriveVoiceParticipants = (url: string, h: string) =>
-  derived(deriveEventsForUrl(url, [{kinds: [ROOM_PRESENCE]}]), $events => {
-    const cutoff = now() - PRESENCE_EXPIRY_S
-    const pubkeys: string[] = []
+  // We use the livekit identity list while in a call, and fall back to the list in kind 39004.
+  derived(
+    [
+      participantPubkeyMap,
+      currentVoiceRoom,
+      deriveLatestEventForUrl(url, [{kinds: [LIVEKIT_PARTICIPANTS], "#d": [h]}]),
+    ],
+    ([$participantPubkeyMap, $currentVoiceRoom, $publishedParticipantList]) => {
+      const inCall =
+        $participantPubkeyMap.size > 0 &&
+        $currentVoiceRoom?.url === url &&
+        $currentVoiceRoom?.h === h
 
-    for (const event of $events) {
-      if (event.created_at < cutoff) continue
-
-      if (getTagValue("h", event.tags) === h) {
-        pubkeys.push(event.pubkey)
+      if (inCall) {
+        const participants = [...$participantPubkeyMap.keys()].map(participantFromLiveKitIdentity)
+        return uniqBy((p: VoiceParticipant) => participantKey(p), participants)
+      } else {
+        const latestEvent = $publishedParticipantList as TrustedEvent | undefined
+        if (!latestEvent) return []
+        const participants = getTags("participant", latestEvent.tags).map((tag: string[]) => {
+          const pubkey = tag[1]
+          const identity = tag[2] ?? pubkey
+          return pubkey ? {pubkey, identity} : {identity}
+        })
+        return uniqBy((p: VoiceParticipant) => participantKey(p), participants)
       }
-    }
-
-    return pubkeys
-  })
-
-const publishPresence = (url: string, h: string) => {
-  const event = makeEvent(ROOM_PRESENCE, {
-    tags: [["h", h]],
-  })
-
-  return publishThunk({event, relays: [url]})
-}
-
-const deletePresence = (url: string) => {
-  const event = makeEvent(ROOM_PRESENCE, {tags: []})
-
-  return publishThunk({event, relays: [url]})
-}
-
-let presenceInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | undefined
-
-const startPresenceHeartbeat = (url: string, h: string) => {
-  stopPresenceHeartbeat()
-  publishPresence(url, h)
-  presenceInterval = setInterval(() => publishPresence(url, h), PRESENCE_INTERVAL_MS)
-}
-
-const stopPresenceHeartbeat = () => {
-  if (presenceInterval) {
-    clearInterval(presenceInterval)
-    presenceInterval = undefined
-  }
-}
+    },
+  )
 
 const onRoomDisconnected = (reason?: DisconnectReason) => {
-  speakingPubkeys.set(new Set())
+  speakingParticipants.set([])
+  participantPubkeyMap.set(new Map())
   currentVoiceSession.set(undefined)
-  stopPresenceHeartbeat()
   if (reason !== undefined && reason !== DisconnectReason.CLIENT_INITIATED) {
     const message =
       reason === DisconnectReason.JOIN_FAILURE
@@ -131,7 +154,7 @@ const onTrackUnsubscribed = (track: Track) => {
 }
 
 const onActiveSpeakersChanged = (participants: {identity: string}[]) => {
-  speakingPubkeys.set(new Set(participants.map(p => p.identity)))
+  speakingParticipants.set(participants.map(p => participantFromLiveKitIdentity(p.identity)))
 }
 
 const playJoinSound = () => {
@@ -139,10 +162,15 @@ const playJoinSound = () => {
   audio.play().catch(() => {})
 }
 
-const onParticipantConnected = () => {
+const onParticipantConnected = (participant: {identity: string}) => {
+  addParticipant(participant.identity)
   playJoinSound()
 }
 
+const onParticipantDisconnected = (participant: {identity: string}) => {
+  deleteParticipant(participant.identity)
+}
+
 export const joinVoiceRoom = async (
   url: string,
   h: string,
@@ -160,6 +188,7 @@ export const joinVoiceRoom = async (
 
   room.on(RoomEvent.Disconnected, onRoomDisconnected)
   room.on(RoomEvent.ParticipantConnected, onParticipantConnected)
+  room.on(RoomEvent.ParticipantDisconnected, onParticipantDisconnected)
   room.on(RoomEvent.TrackSubscribed, onTrackSubscribed)
   room.on(RoomEvent.TrackUnsubscribed, onTrackUnsubscribed)
   room.on(RoomEvent.ActiveSpeakersChanged, onActiveSpeakersChanged)
@@ -178,6 +207,12 @@ export const joinVoiceRoom = async (
     throw e
   }
 
+  participantPubkeyMap.set(new Map())
+  addParticipant(room.localParticipant.identity)
+  for (const p of room.remoteParticipants.values()) {
+    addParticipant(p.identity)
+  }
+
   let muted = false
   try {
     await room.localParticipant.setMicrophoneEnabled(true)
@@ -188,8 +223,6 @@ export const joinVoiceRoom = async (
 
   currentVoiceSession.set({url, h, room, muted})
 
-  startPresenceHeartbeat(url, h)
-
   playJoinSound()
 }
 
@@ -200,10 +233,9 @@ export const leaveVoiceRoom = async () => {
   const audio = new Audio("/leave-voice-room.mp3")
   audio.play().catch(() => {})
 
-  speakingPubkeys.set(new Set())
-  stopPresenceHeartbeat()
+  speakingParticipants.set([])
+  participantPubkeyMap.set(new Map())
   session.room.disconnect()
-  deletePresence(session.url)
   currentVoiceSession.set(undefined)
 }