diff --git a/find_changes.sh b/find_changes.sh
index 50b28aa..4239aff 100755
--- a/find_changes.sh
+++ b/find_changes.sh
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 for package in $(./get_packages.py); do
-  tag=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 --match=$package'/*')
-  changes=$(git diff "$tag" "packages/$package" | wc -l)
-
-  if [ $changes -gt 0 ]; then
+  if [ $(./show_changes.sh $package | wc -l) -gt 0 ]; then
     echo $package
   fi
 done
diff --git a/packages/dvm/src/handler.ts b/packages/dvm/src/handler.ts
index 2808962..67bf923 100644
--- a/packages/dvm/src/handler.ts
+++ b/packages/dvm/src/handler.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import {hexToBytes} from '@noble/hashes/utils'
 import {getPublicKey, finalizeEvent} from 'nostr-tools'
 import {now} from '@welshman/lib'
-import type {CustomEvent, EventTemplate, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
+import type {TrustedEvent, StampedEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
 import {subscribe, publish} from '@welshman/net'
 
 export type DVMHandler = {
   stop?: () => void
-  handleEvent: (e: CustomEvent) => AsyncGenerator<EventTemplate>
+  handleEvent: (e: TrustedEvent) => AsyncGenerator<StampedEvent>
 }
 
 export type CreateDVMHandler = (dvm: DVM) => DVMHandler
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export class DVM {
         const filters = [filter]
         const sub = subscribe({relays, filters})
 
-        sub.emitter.on('event', (url: string, e: CustomEvent) => this.onEvent(e))
+        sub.emitter.on('event', (url: string, e: TrustedEvent) => this.onEvent(e))
         sub.emitter.on('complete', () => resolve())
       })
     }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export class DVM {
     this.active = false
   }
 
-  async onEvent(request: CustomEvent) {
+  async onEvent(request: TrustedEvent) {
     const {expireAfter = 60 * 60} = this.opts
 
     if (this.seen.has(request.id)) {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export class DVM {
     }
   }
 
-  async publish(template: EventTemplate) {
+  async publish(template: StampedEvent) {
     const {sk, relays} = this.opts
     const event = finalizeEvent(template, hexToBytes(sk))
 
diff --git a/packages/dvm/src/request.ts b/packages/dvm/src/request.ts
index 486c67c..af27f8a 100644
--- a/packages/dvm/src/request.ts
+++ b/packages/dvm/src/request.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {Emitter, now} from '@welshman/lib'
-import type {CustomEvent, SignedEvent} from '@welshman/util'
+import type {TrustedEvent, SignedEvent} from '@welshman/util'
 import {subscribe, publish} from '@welshman/net'
 import type {Subscription, Publish} from '@welshman/net'
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export const makeDvmRequest = (request: DVMRequestOptions) => {
   const sub = subscribe({relays, timeout, filters})
   const pub = publish({event, relays, timeout})
 
-  sub.emitter.on('event', (url: string, event: CustomEvent) => {
+  sub.emitter.on('event', (url: string, event: TrustedEvent) => {
     if (event.kind === 7000) {
       emitter.emit(DVMEvent.Progress, url, event)
     } else {
diff --git a/packages/feeds/src/compiler.ts b/packages/feeds/src/compiler.ts
index cf76da5..4898d36 100644
--- a/packages/feeds/src/compiler.ts
+++ b/packages/feeds/src/compiler.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {uniq, identity, flatten, pushToMapKey, intersection, tryCatch, now} from '@welshman/lib'
-import type {CustomEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
+import type {TrustedEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
 import {Tags, intersectFilters, matchFilter, getAddress, getIdFilters, unionFilters} from '@welshman/util'
 import type {CreatedAtItem, RequestItem, ListItem, LabelItem, WOTItem, DVMItem, Scope, Feed, FeedOptions} from './core'
 import {getFeedArgs, feedsFromTags} from './utils'
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export class FeedCompiler {
       items.map(({mappings, ...request}) =>
         this.options.requestDVM({
           ...request,
-          onEvent: async (e: CustomEvent) => {
+          onEvent: async (e: TrustedEvent) => {
             const tags = Tags.wrap(await tryCatch(() => JSON.parse(e.content)) || [])
 
             for (const feed of feedsFromTags(tags, mappings)) {
@@ -215,11 +215,11 @@ export class FeedCompiler {
 
   async _compileLists(listItems: ListItem[]): Promise<RequestItem[]> {
     const addresses = uniq(listItems.flatMap(({addresses}) => addresses))
-    const eventsByAddress = new Map<string, CustomEvent>()
+    const eventsByAddress = new Map<string, TrustedEvent>()
 
     await this.options.request({
       filters: getIdFilters(addresses),
-      onEvent: (e: CustomEvent) => eventsByAddress.set(getAddress(e), e),
+      onEvent: (e: TrustedEvent) => eventsByAddress.set(getAddress(e), e),
     })
 
     const feeds = flatten(
@@ -246,14 +246,14 @@ export class FeedCompiler {
   }
 
   async _compileLabels(labelItems: LabelItem[]): Promise<RequestItem[]> {
-    const events: CustomEvent[] = []
+    const events: TrustedEvent[] = []
 
     await Promise.all(
       labelItems.map(({mappings, relays, ...filter}) =>
         this.options.request({
           relays,
           filters: [{kinds: [1985], ...filter}],
-          onEvent: (e: CustomEvent) => events.push(e),
+          onEvent: (e: TrustedEvent) => events.push(e),
         })
       )
     )
diff --git a/packages/feeds/src/core.ts b/packages/feeds/src/core.ts
index 717c64b..6710d22 100644
--- a/packages/feeds/src/core.ts
+++ b/packages/feeds/src/core.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type {CustomEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
+import type {TrustedEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
 
 export enum FeedType {
   Address = "address",
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ export type RequestItem = {
 }
 
 export type RequestOpts = RequestItem & {
-  onEvent: (event: CustomEvent) => void
+  onEvent: (event: TrustedEvent) => void
 }
 
 export type DVMRequest = {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ export type DVMRequest = {
 }
 
 export type DVMOpts = DVMRequest & {
-  onEvent: (event: CustomEvent) => void
+  onEvent: (event: TrustedEvent) => void
 }
 
 export type FeedOptions = {
diff --git a/packages/feeds/src/loader.ts b/packages/feeds/src/loader.ts
index f44feb8..e373c40 100644
--- a/packages/feeds/src/loader.ts
+++ b/packages/feeds/src/loader.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import {inc, max, min, now} from '@welshman/lib'
-import type {CustomEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
+import type {TrustedEvent, Filter} from '@welshman/util'
 import {EPOCH, trimFilters, guessFilterDelta} from '@welshman/util'
 import type {Feed, RequestItem, FeedOptions} from './core'
 import {FeedType} from './core'
 import {FeedCompiler} from './compiler'
 
 export type LoadOpts = {
-  onEvent?: (event: CustomEvent) => void
+  onEvent?: (event: TrustedEvent) => void
   onExhausted?: () => void
   useWindowing?: boolean
 }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export class FeedLoader {
       await this.options.request({
         relays,
         filters: trimFilters(requestFilters),
-        onEvent: (event: CustomEvent) => {
+        onEvent: (event: TrustedEvent) => {
           count += 1
           until = Math.min(until, event.created_at - 1)
           onEvent?.(event)
@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ export class FeedLoader {
   async _getDifferenceLoader(feeds: Feed[], {onEvent, onExhausted}: LoadOpts) {
     const exhausted = new Set<number>()
     const skip = new Set<string>()
-    const events: CustomEvent[] = []
+    const events: TrustedEvent[] = []
     const seen = new Set()
 
     const loaders = await Promise.all(
       feeds.map((feed: Feed, i: number) =>
         this.getLoader(feed, {
           onExhausted: () => exhausted.add(i),
-          onEvent: (event: CustomEvent) => {
+          onEvent: (event: TrustedEvent) => {
             if (i === 0) {
               events.push(event)
             } else {
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ export class FeedLoader {
   async _getIntersectionLoader(feeds: Feed[], {onEvent, onExhausted}: LoadOpts) {
     const exhausted = new Set<number>()
     const counts = new Map<string, number>()
-    const events: CustomEvent[] = []
+    const events: TrustedEvent[] = []
     const seen = new Set()
 
     const loaders = await Promise.all(
       feeds.map((feed: Feed, i: number) =>
         this.getLoader(feed, {
           onExhausted: () => exhausted.add(i),
-          onEvent: (event: CustomEvent) => {
+          onEvent: (event: TrustedEvent) => {
             events.push(event)
             counts.set(event.id, inc(counts.get(event.id)))
           },
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ export class FeedLoader {
       feeds.map((feed: Feed, i: number) =>
         this.getLoader(feed, {
           onExhausted: () => exhausted.add(i),
-          onEvent: (event: CustomEvent) => {
+          onEvent: (event: TrustedEvent) => {
             if (!seen.has(event.id)) {
               onEvent?.(event)
               seen.add(event.id)
diff --git a/packages/lib/package.json b/packages/lib/package.json
index e51d6c0..7978a2d 100644
--- a/packages/lib/package.json
+++ b/packages/lib/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@welshman/lib",
-  "version": "0.0.14",
+  "version": "0.0.15",
   "author": "hodlbod",
   "license": "MIT",
   "description": "A collection of utilities.",
diff --git a/packages/signer/src/nip59.ts b/packages/signer/src/nip59.ts
index 1bbec07..b81aafb 100644
--- a/packages/signer/src/nip59.ts
+++ b/packages/signer/src/nip59.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {UnwrappedEvent, SignedEvent, HashedEvent, EventTemplate, WRAP, SEAL} from '@welshman/util'
+import {UnwrappedEvent, SignedEvent, HashedEvent, StampedEvent, WRAP, SEAL} from '@welshman/util'
 import {own, hash, decrypt, ISigner} from './util'
 import {Nip01Signer} from './signers/nip01'
 
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ export const seen = new Map<string, UnwrappedEvent | Error>()
 export const now = (drift = 0) =>
   Math.round(Date.now() / 1000 - Math.random() * Math.pow(10, drift))
 
-export const getRumor = async (signer: ISigner, template: EventTemplate) =>
-  hash(own(await signer.getPubkey(), template))
+export const getRumor = async (signer: ISigner, template: StampedEvent) =>
+  hash(own(template, await signer.getPubkey()))
 
 export const getSeal = async (signer: ISigner, pubkey: string, rumor: HashedEvent) =>
   signer.sign(hash({
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export const getWrap = async (wrapper: ISigner, pubkey: string, seal: SignedEven
     tags: [...tags, ["p", pubkey]],
   }))
 
-export const wrap = async (signer: ISigner, wrapper: ISigner, pubkey: string, template: EventTemplate, tags: string[][] = []) => {
+export const wrap = async (signer: ISigner, wrapper: ISigner, pubkey: string, template: StampedEvent, tags: string[][] = []) => {
   const rumor = await getRumor(signer, template)
   const seal = await getSeal(signer, pubkey, rumor)
   const wrap = await getWrap(wrapper, pubkey, seal, tags)
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export class Nip59 {
 
   withWrapper = (wrapper: ISigner) => new Nip59(this.signer, wrapper)
 
-  wrap = (pubkey: string, template: EventTemplate, tags: string[][] = []) =>
+  wrap = (pubkey: string, template: StampedEvent, tags: string[][] = []) =>
     wrap(this.signer, this.wrapper || Nip01Signer.ephemeral(), pubkey, template, tags)
 
   unwrap = (event: SignedEvent) =>
diff --git a/packages/signer/src/signers/nip01.ts b/packages/signer/src/signers/nip01.ts
index d27026d..cb6b9a5 100644
--- a/packages/signer/src/signers/nip01.ts
+++ b/packages/signer/src/signers/nip01.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {EventTemplate} from '@welshman/util'
+import {StampedEvent} from '@welshman/util'
 import {nip04, nip44, own, hash, sign, getPubkey, ISigner, makeSecret} from "../util"
 
 export class Nip01Signer implements ISigner {
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export class Nip01Signer implements ISigner {
 
   getPubkey = async () => this.pubkey
 
-  sign = async (event: EventTemplate) => sign(hash(own(this.pubkey, event)), this.secret)
+  sign = async (event: StampedEvent) => sign(hash(own(event, this.pubkey)), this.secret)
 
   nip04 = {
     encrypt: async (pubkey: string, message: string) =>
diff --git a/packages/signer/src/signers/nip07.ts b/packages/signer/src/signers/nip07.ts
index 29236d2..9010995 100644
--- a/packages/signer/src/signers/nip07.ts
+++ b/packages/signer/src/signers/nip07.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {EventTemplate} from '@welshman/util'
+import {StampedEvent} from '@welshman/util'
 import {hash, own, Sign, ISigner, EncryptionImplementation} from '../util'
 
 export type Nip07 = {
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ export class Nip07Signer implements ISigner {
 
   getPubkey = async () => getNip07()!.getPublicKey()!
 
-  sign = async (template: EventTemplate) => {
-    const event = hash(own(await this.getPubkey(), template))
+  sign = async (template: StampedEvent) => {
+    const event = hash(own(template, await this.getPubkey()))
 
     return this.#then(ext => ext.signEvent(event))
   }
diff --git a/packages/signer/src/signers/nip46.ts b/packages/signer/src/signers/nip46.ts
index 273b4f4..587697b 100644
--- a/packages/signer/src/signers/nip46.ts
+++ b/packages/signer/src/signers/nip46.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import {finalizeEvent, getPublicKey} from "nostr-tools"
 import {hexToBytes} from '@noble/hashes/utils'
 import {Emitter, tryCatch, randomId, sleep, equals, now} from "@welshman/lib"
-import {createEvent, TrustedEvent, EventTemplate, NOSTR_CONNECT} from "@welshman/util"
+import {createEvent, TrustedEvent, StampedEvent, NOSTR_CONNECT} from "@welshman/util"
 import {subscribe, publish, Subscription} from "@welshman/net"
 import {nip04, nip44, ISigner, decrypt, hash, own} from '../util'
 import {Nip01Signer} from './nip01'
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ export class Nip46Broker extends Emitter {
     return this.#connectResult === "ack"
   }
 
-  signEvent = async (event: EventTemplate) => {
+  signEvent = async (event: StampedEvent) => {
     return JSON.parse(await this.request("sign_event", [JSON.stringify(event)]) as string)
   }
 
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ export class Nip46Signer implements ISigner {
 
   getPubkey = async () => this.broker.pubkey
 
-  sign = (template: EventTemplate) =>
-    this.broker.signEvent(hash(own(this.broker.pubkey, template)))
+  sign = (template: StampedEvent) =>
+    this.broker.signEvent(hash(own(template, this.broker.pubkey)))
 
   nip04 = {
     encrypt: this.broker.nip04Encrypt,
diff --git a/packages/signer/src/util.ts b/packages/signer/src/util.ts
index 2fd2fb1..8db3b8b 100644
--- a/packages/signer/src/util.ts
+++ b/packages/signer/src/util.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import {schnorr} from '@noble/curves/secp256k1'
 import {bytesToHex, hexToBytes} from '@noble/hashes/utils'
 import {nip04 as nt04, nip44 as nt44, generateSecretKey, getPublicKey, getEventHash} from "nostr-tools"
-import {cached} from '@welshman/lib'
-import {SignedEvent, HashedEvent, EventTemplate, OwnedEvent} from '@welshman/util'
+import {cached, now} from '@welshman/lib'
+import {SignedEvent, HashedEvent, EventTemplate, StampedEvent, OwnedEvent} from '@welshman/util'
 
 export const makeSecret = () => bytesToHex(generateSecretKey())
 
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ export const getHash = (event: OwnedEvent) => getEventHash(event)
 export const getSig = (event: HashedEvent, secret: string) =>
   bytesToHex(schnorr.sign(event.id, secret))
 
-export const own = (pubkey: string, event: EventTemplate) => ({...event, pubkey})
+export const stamp = (event: EventTemplate, created_at = now()) => ({...event, created_at})
 
-export const hash = (event: OwnedEvent): HashedEvent => ({...event, id: getHash(event)})
+export const own = (event: StampedEvent, pubkey: string) => ({...event, pubkey})
+
+export const hash = (event: OwnedEvent) => ({...event, id: getHash(event)})
 
 export const sign = (event: HashedEvent, secret: string) => ({...event, sig: getSig(event, secret)})
 
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ export const nip44 = {
   decrypt: (pubkey: string, secret: string, m: string) => nt44.v2.decrypt(m, nip44.getSharedSecret(secret, pubkey)),
 }
 
-export type Sign = (event: EventTemplate) => Promise<SignedEvent>
+export type Sign = (event: StampedEvent) => Promise<SignedEvent>
 
 export type Encrypt = (pubkey: string, message: string) => Promise<string>
 
diff --git a/packages/store/package.json b/packages/store/package.json
index 2bcc160..ff7637a 100644
--- a/packages/store/package.json
+++ b/packages/store/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@welshman/store",
-  "version": "0.0.2",
+  "version": "0.0.3",
   "author": "hodlbod",
   "license": "MIT",
   "description": "A collection of utilities based on svelte/store for use with welshman",
diff --git a/packages/store/src/index.ts b/packages/store/src/index.ts
index a29064b..a9b1c6b 100644
--- a/packages/store/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/store/src/index.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {identity, batch, partition, first} from "@welshman/lib"
 import type {Maybe} from "@welshman/lib"
 import type {Repository} from "@welshman/util"
 import {matchFilters, getIdAndAddress, getIdFilters} from "@welshman/util"
-import type {Filter, CustomEvent} from "@welshman/util"
+import type {Filter, TrustedEvent} from "@welshman/util"
 
 export const getter = <T>(store: Readable<T>) => {
   let value: T
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ export function withGetter<T>(store: Readable<T> | Writable<T>) {
 export const throttled = <T>(delay: number, store: Readable<T>) =>
   custom(set => store.subscribe(throttle(delay, set)))
 
-export const createEventStore = (repository: Repository): Writable<CustomEvent[]> => {
-  let subs: Subscriber<CustomEvent[]>[] = []
+export const createEventStore = (repository: Repository): Writable<TrustedEvent[]> => {
+  let subs: Subscriber<TrustedEvent[]>[] = []
 
   const onUpdate = throttle(300, () => {
     const $events = repository.dump()
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ export const createEventStore = (repository: Repository): Writable<CustomEvent[]
   })
 
   return {
-    set: (events: CustomEvent[]) => repository.load(events),
-    update: (f: Updater<CustomEvent[]>) => repository.load(f(repository.dump())),
-    subscribe: (f: Subscriber<CustomEvent[]>) => {
+    set: (events: TrustedEvent[]) => repository.load(events),
+    update: (f: Updater<TrustedEvent[]>) => repository.load(f(repository.dump())),
+    subscribe: (f: Subscriber<TrustedEvent[]>) => {
       f(repository.dump())
 
       subs.push(f)
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ export const deriveEventsMapped = <T>(repository: Repository, {
   includeDeleted = false,
 }: {
   filters: Filter[]
-  eventToItem: (event: CustomEvent) => Maybe<T | Promise<T>>
-  itemToEvent: (item: T) => CustomEvent
+  eventToItem: (event: TrustedEvent) => Maybe<T | Promise<T>>
+  itemToEvent: (item: T) => TrustedEvent
   throttle?: number
   includeDeleted?: boolean
 }) =>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ export const deriveEventsMapped = <T>(repository: Repository, {
     let data: T[] = []
     const deferred = new Set()
 
-    const defer = (event: CustomEvent, item: Promise<T>) => {
+    const defer = (event: TrustedEvent, item: Promise<T>) => {
       deferred.add(event.id)
 
       item.then($item => {
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export const deriveEventsMapped = <T>(repository: Repository, {
 
     setter(data)
 
-    const onUpdate = batch(300, (updates: {added: CustomEvent[]; removed: Set<string>}[]) => {
+    const onUpdate = batch(300, (updates: {added: TrustedEvent[]; removed: Set<string>}[]) => {
       const removed = new Set()
       const added = new Map()
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ export const deriveEventsMapped = <T>(repository: Repository, {
   }, {throttle})
 
 export const deriveEvents = (repository: Repository, opts: {filters: Filter[], includeDeleted?: boolean}) =>
-  deriveEventsMapped<CustomEvent>(repository, {
+  deriveEventsMapped<TrustedEvent>(repository, {
     ...opts,
     eventToItem: identity,
     itemToEvent: identity,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ export const deriveEvent = (repository: Repository, idOrAddress: string) =>
     first
   )
 
-export const deriveIsDeletedByAddress = (repository: Repository, event: CustomEvent) =>
+export const deriveIsDeletedByAddress = (repository: Repository, event: TrustedEvent) =>
   custom<boolean>(setter => {
     setter(repository.isDeletedByAddress(event))
 
diff --git a/packages/util/package.json b/packages/util/package.json
index d3728e7..4d2de63 100644
--- a/packages/util/package.json
+++ b/packages/util/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@welshman/util",
-  "version": "0.0.25",
+  "version": "0.0.26",
   "author": "hodlbod",
   "license": "MIT",
   "description": "A collection of nostr-related utilities.",
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Encryptable.ts b/packages/util/src/Encryptable.ts
index be0bed2..14706b8 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Encryptable.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Encryptable.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type {EventContent, CustomEvent} from './Events'
+import type {EventContent, TrustedEvent} from './Events'
 
 export type Encrypt = (x: string) => Promise<string>
 
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ export type EncryptableResult = {
   content: string
 }
 
-export type DecryptedEvent = CustomEvent & {
+export type DecryptedEvent = TrustedEvent & {
   plaintext: Partial<EventContent>
 }
 
-export const asDecryptedEvent = (event: CustomEvent, plaintext: Partial<EventContent>) =>
+export const asDecryptedEvent = (event: TrustedEvent, plaintext: Partial<EventContent>) =>
   ({...event, plaintext}) as DecryptedEvent
 
 export class Encryptable {
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Events.ts b/packages/util/src/Events.ts
index 7d82531..17ac090 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Events.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Events.ts
@@ -12,10 +12,13 @@ export type EventContent = {
 
 export type EventTemplate = EventContent & {
   kind: number
+}
+
+export type StampedEvent = EventTemplate & {
   created_at: number
 }
 
-export type OwnedEvent = EventTemplate & {
+export type OwnedEvent = StampedEvent & {
   pubkey: string
 }
 
@@ -38,9 +41,6 @@ export type TrustedEvent = HashedEvent & {
   [verifiedSymbol]?: boolean
 }
 
-/* eslint @typescript-eslint/no-empty-interface: 0 */
-export interface CustomEvent extends TrustedEvent {}
-
 export type CreateEventOpts = {
   content?: string
   tags?: string[][]
@@ -51,10 +51,13 @@ export const createEvent = (kind: number, {content = "", tags = [], created_at =
   ({kind, content, tags, created_at})
 
 export const isEventTemplate = (e: EventTemplate): e is EventTemplate =>
-  Boolean(typeof e.kind === "number" && e.tags && typeof e.content === "string" && e.created_at)
+  Boolean(typeof e.kind === "number" && e.tags && typeof e.content === "string")
+
+export const isStampedEvent = (e: StampedEvent): e is StampedEvent =>
+  Boolean(isEventTemplate(e) && e.created_at)
 
 export const isOwnedEvent = (e: OwnedEvent): e is OwnedEvent =>
-  Boolean(isEventTemplate(e) && e.pubkey)
+  Boolean(isStampedEvent(e) && e.pubkey)
 
 export const isHashedEvent = (e: HashedEvent): e is HashedEvent =>
   Boolean(isOwnedEvent(e) && e.id)
@@ -69,6 +72,9 @@ export const isTrustedEvent = (e: TrustedEvent): e is TrustedEvent =>
   isSignedEvent(e) || isUnwrappedEvent(e)
 
 export const asEventTemplate = (e: EventTemplate): EventTemplate =>
+  pick(['kind', 'tags', 'content'], e)
+
+export const asStampedEvent = (e: StampedEvent): StampedEvent =>
   pick(['kind', 'tags', 'content', 'created_at'], e)
 
 export const asOwnedEvent = (e: OwnedEvent): OwnedEvent =>
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ export const isPlainReplaceable = (e: EventTemplate) => isPlainReplaceableKind(e
 
 export const isParameterizedReplaceable = (e: EventTemplate) => isParameterizedReplaceableKind(e.kind)
 
-export const isChildOf = (child: EventTemplate, parent: HashedEvent) => {
+export const isChildOf = (child: EventContent, parent: HashedEvent) => {
   const {roots, replies} = Tags.fromEvent(child).ancestors()
   const parentIds = (replies.exists() ? replies : roots).values().valueOf()
 
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Filters.ts b/packages/util/src/Filters.ts
index 5aa9646..ef68004 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Filters.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Filters.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {matchFilter as nostrToolsMatchFilter} from 'nostr-tools'
 import {uniqBy, prop, mapVals, shuffle, avg, hash, groupBy, randomId, uniq} from '@welshman/lib'
-import type {HashedEvent, CustomEvent, SignedEvent} from './Events'
+import type {HashedEvent, TrustedEvent, SignedEvent} from './Events'
 import {isReplaceableKind} from './Kinds'
 import {Address, getAddress} from './Address'
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ export const getIdFilters = (idsOrAddresses: string[]) => {
   return filters
 }
 
-export const getReplyFilters = (events: CustomEvent[], filter: Filter) => {
+export const getReplyFilters = (events: TrustedEvent[], filter: Filter) => {
   const a = []
   const e = []
 
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Handler.ts b/packages/util/src/Handler.ts
index b63c272..2f80cb1 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Handler.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Handler.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import {fromPairs, last, first, parseJson} from "@welshman/lib"
 import {getAddress} from "./Address"
 import {getAddressTags, getKindTagValues} from "./Tags"
-import type {CustomEvent} from "./Events"
+import type {TrustedEvent} from "./Events"
 
 export type Handler = {
   kind: number
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ export type Handler = {
   about: string
   image: string
   identifier: string
-  event: CustomEvent
+  event: TrustedEvent
   website?: string
   lud16?: string
   nip05?: string
 }
 
-export const readHandlers = (event: CustomEvent) => {
+export const readHandlers = (event: TrustedEvent) => {
   const {d: identifier} = fromPairs(event.tags)
   const meta = parseJson(event.content)
   const normalizedMeta = {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export const getHandlerKey = (handler: Handler) => `${handler.kind}:${getAddress
 
 export const displayHandler = (handler?: Handler, fallback = "") => handler?.name || fallback
 
-export const getHandlerAddress = (event: CustomEvent) => {
+export const getHandlerAddress = (event: TrustedEvent) => {
   const tags = getAddressTags(event.tags)
   const tag = tags.find(t => last(t) === "web") || first(tags)
 
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Profile.ts b/packages/util/src/Profile.ts
index 4acad77..db06237 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Profile.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Profile.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {nip19} from "nostr-tools"
 import {ellipsize, parseJson} from "@welshman/lib"
-import {CustomEvent} from "./Events"
+import {TrustedEvent} from "./Events"
 import {PROFILE} from "./Kinds"
 
 export type Profile = {
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ export type Profile = {
   picture?: string
   website?: string
   display_name?: string
-  event?: CustomEvent
+  event?: TrustedEvent
 }
 
 export type PublishedProfile = Omit<Profile, "event"> & {
-  event: CustomEvent
+  event: TrustedEvent
 }
 
 export const isPublishedProfile = (profile: Profile): profile is PublishedProfile =>
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export const makeProfile = (profile: Partial<Profile> = {}): Profile => ({
   ...profile,
 })
 
-export const readProfile = (event: CustomEvent) => {
+export const readProfile = (event: TrustedEvent) => {
   const profile = parseJson(event.content) || {}
 
   return {...profile, event} as PublishedProfile
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Relay.ts b/packages/util/src/Relay.ts
index fb77a46..1bf8d2f 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Relay.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Relay.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import {last, Emitter, normalizeUrl, sleep, stripProtocol} from '@welshman/lib'
 import {matchFilters} from './Filters'
 import type {Repository} from './Repository'
 import type {Filter} from './Filters'
-import type {CustomEvent} from './Events'
+import type {TrustedEvent} from './Events'
 
 // Constants and types
 
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ export class Relay extends Emitter {
 
   send(type: string, ...message: any[]) {
     switch(type) {
-      case 'EVENT': return this.handleEVENT(message as [CustomEvent])
+      case 'EVENT': return this.handleEVENT(message as [TrustedEvent])
       case 'CLOSE': return this.handleCLOSE(message as [string])
       case 'REQ': return this.handleREQ(message as [string, ...Filter[]])
     }
   }
 
-  handleEVENT([event]: [CustomEvent]) {
+  handleEVENT([event]: [TrustedEvent]) {
     this.repository.publish(event)
 
     // Callers generally expect async relays
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Repository.ts b/packages/util/src/Repository.ts
index 7269cf6..8e7a789 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Repository.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Repository.ts
@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ import {EPOCH, matchFilter} from './Filters'
 import {isReplaceable, isTrustedEvent} from './Events'
 import {getAddress} from './Address'
 import type {Filter} from './Filters'
-import type {CustomEvent} from './Events'
+import type {TrustedEvent} from './Events'
 
 export const DAY = 86400
 
 const getDay = (ts: number) => Math.floor(ts / DAY)
 
 export class Repository extends Emitter {
-  eventsById = new Map<string, CustomEvent>()
-  eventsByWrap = new Map<string, CustomEvent>()
-  eventsByAddress = new Map<string, CustomEvent>()
-  eventsByTag = new Map<string, CustomEvent[]>()
-  eventsByDay = new Map<number, CustomEvent[]>()
-  eventsByAuthor = new Map<string, CustomEvent[]>()
+  eventsById = new Map<string, TrustedEvent>()
+  eventsByWrap = new Map<string, TrustedEvent>()
+  eventsByAddress = new Map<string, TrustedEvent>()
+  eventsByTag = new Map<string, TrustedEvent[]>()
+  eventsByDay = new Map<number, TrustedEvent[]>()
+  eventsByAuthor = new Map<string, TrustedEvent[]>()
   deletes = new Map<string, number>()
 
   // Dump/load/clear
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export class Repository extends Emitter {
     return Array.from(this.eventsById.values())
   }
 
-  load = async (events: CustomEvent[], chunkSize = 1000) => {
+  load = async (events: TrustedEvent[], chunkSize = 1000) => {
     this.clear()
 
     const added = []
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export class Repository extends Emitter {
       : this.eventsById.get(idOrAddress)
   }
 
-  hasEvent = (event: CustomEvent) => {
+  hasEvent = (event: TrustedEvent) => {
     const duplicate = (
       this.eventsById.get(event.id) ||
       this.eventsByAddress.get(getAddress(event))
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ export class Repository extends Emitter {
   }
 
   query = (filters: Filter[], {includeDeleted = false} = {}) => {
-    const result: CustomEvent[][] = []
+    const result: TrustedEvent[][] = []
     for (let filter of filters) {
-      let events: CustomEvent[] = Array.from(this.eventsById.values())
+      let events: TrustedEvent[] = Array.from(this.eventsById.values())
 
       if (filter.ids) {
-        events = filter.ids!.map(id => this.eventsById.get(id)).filter(identity) as CustomEvent[]
+        events = filter.ids!.map(id => this.eventsById.get(id)).filter(identity) as TrustedEvent[]
         filter = omit(['ids'], filter)
       } else if (filter.authors) {
         events = uniq(filter.authors!.flatMap(pubkey => this.eventsByAuthor.get(pubkey) || []))
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ export class Repository extends Emitter {
         }
       }
 
-      const chunk: CustomEvent[] = []
-      for (const event of sortBy((e: CustomEvent) => -e.created_at, events)) {
+      const chunk: TrustedEvent[] = []
+      for (const event of sortBy((e: TrustedEvent) => -e.created_at, events)) {
         if (filter.limit && chunk.length >= filter.limit) {
           break
         }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export class Repository extends Emitter {
     return uniq(flatten(result))
   }
 
-  publish = (event: CustomEvent, {shouldNotify = true} = {}): boolean => {
+  publish = (event: TrustedEvent, {shouldNotify = true} = {}): boolean => {
     if (!isTrustedEvent(event)) {
       throw new Error("Invalid event published to Repository", event)
     }
@@ -203,19 +203,19 @@ export class Repository extends Emitter {
     return true
   }
 
-  isDeletedByAddress = (event: CustomEvent) => (this.deletes.get(getAddress(event)) || 0) > event.created_at
+  isDeletedByAddress = (event: TrustedEvent) => (this.deletes.get(getAddress(event)) || 0) > event.created_at
 
-  isDeletedById = (event: CustomEvent) => (this.deletes.get(event.id) || 0) > event.created_at
+  isDeletedById = (event: TrustedEvent) => (this.deletes.get(event.id) || 0) > event.created_at
 
-  isDeleted = (event: CustomEvent) => this.isDeletedByAddress(event) || this.isDeletedById(event)
+  isDeleted = (event: TrustedEvent) => this.isDeletedByAddress(event) || this.isDeletedById(event)
 
   // Utilities
 
-  _updateIndex<K>(m: Map<K, CustomEvent[]>, k: K, e: CustomEvent, duplicate?: CustomEvent) {
+  _updateIndex<K>(m: Map<K, TrustedEvent[]>, k: K, e: TrustedEvent, duplicate?: TrustedEvent) {
     let a = m.get(k) || []
 
     if (duplicate) {
-      a = a.filter((x: CustomEvent) => x !== duplicate)
+      a = a.filter((x: TrustedEvent) => x !== duplicate)
     }
 
     a.push(e)
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Router.ts b/packages/util/src/Router.ts
index 0ad4cf6..7b9e96c 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Router.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Router.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {first, splitAt, identity, sortBy, uniq, shuffle, pushToMapKey} from '@welshman/lib'
 import {Tags} from './Tags'
-import type {CustomEvent} from './Events'
+import type {TrustedEvent} from './Events'
 import {isShareableRelayUrl} from './Relay'
 import {isCommunityAddress, isGroupAddress} from './Address'
 
@@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ export class Router {
       this.getPubkeySelection(pubkey, RelayMode.Inbox),
     ]).policy(this.addMinimalFallbacks)
 
-  Event = (event: CustomEvent) =>
+  Event = (event: TrustedEvent) =>
     this.scenario(this.forceValue(event.id, [
       this.getPubkeySelection(event.pubkey, RelayMode.Write),
       ...this.getContextSelections(Tags.fromEvent(event).context()),
     ]))
 
-  EventChildren = (event: CustomEvent) =>
+  EventChildren = (event: TrustedEvent) =>
     this.scenario(this.forceValue(event.id, [
       this.getPubkeySelection(event.pubkey, RelayMode.Read),
       ...this.getContextSelections(Tags.fromEvent(event).context()),
     ]))
 
-  EventAncestors = (event: CustomEvent, type: "mentions" | "replies" | "roots") => {
+  EventAncestors = (event: TrustedEvent, type: "mentions" | "replies" | "roots") => {
     const tags = Tags.fromEvent(event)
     const ancestors = tags.ancestors()[type]
     const pubkeys = tags.values("p").valueOf()
@@ -201,13 +201,13 @@ export class Router {
     return this.product(ancestors.values().valueOf(), relays)
   }
 
-  EventMentions = (event: CustomEvent) => this.EventAncestors(event, "mentions")
+  EventMentions = (event: TrustedEvent) => this.EventAncestors(event, "mentions")
 
-  EventParents = (event: CustomEvent) => this.EventAncestors(event, "replies")
+  EventParents = (event: TrustedEvent) => this.EventAncestors(event, "replies")
 
-  EventRoots = (event: CustomEvent) => this.EventAncestors(event, "roots")
+  EventRoots = (event: TrustedEvent) => this.EventAncestors(event, "roots")
 
-  PublishEvent = (event: CustomEvent) => {
+  PublishEvent = (event: TrustedEvent) => {
     const tags = Tags.fromEvent(event)
     const mentions = tags.values("p").valueOf()
 
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Tags.ts b/packages/util/src/Tags.ts
index 9e592a7..2833cb6 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Tags.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Tags.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import {EventTemplate} from 'nostr-tools'
 import type {OmitStatics} from '@welshman/lib'
 import {Fluent, nth, nthEq, ensurePlural} from '@welshman/lib'
 import {isRelayUrl, normalizeRelayUrl} from './Relay'
@@ -42,9 +41,9 @@ export class Tags extends (Fluent<Tag> as OmitStatics<typeof Fluent<Tag>, 'from'
 
   static wrap = (p: Iterable<string[]>) => new Tags(Array.from(p).map(Tag.from))
 
-  static fromEvent = (event: Pick<EventTemplate, "tags">) => Tags.wrap(event.tags || [])
+  static fromEvent = (event: {tags: string[][]}) => Tags.wrap(event.tags || [])
 
-  static fromEvents = (events: Pick<EventTemplate, "tags">[]) => Tags.wrap(events.flatMap(e => e.tags || []))
+  static fromEvents = (events: {tags: string[][]}[]) => Tags.wrap(events.flatMap(e => e.tags || []))
 
   static fromIMeta = (imeta: string[]) => Tags.wrap(imeta.map((m: string) => m.split(" ")))
 
diff --git a/packages/util/src/Zaps.ts b/packages/util/src/Zaps.ts
index 2586aaa..218d28b 100644
--- a/packages/util/src/Zaps.ts
+++ b/packages/util/src/Zaps.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {hexToBech32} from '@welshman/lib'
-import type {CustomEvent} from './Events'
+import type {TrustedEvent} from './Events'
 import {Tags} from "./Tags"
 
 const DIVISORS = {
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ export type Zapper = {
 }
 
 export type Zap = {
-  request: CustomEvent
-  response: CustomEvent,
+  request: TrustedEvent
+  response: TrustedEvent,
   invoiceAmount: number
 }
 
-export const zapFromEvent = (response: CustomEvent, zapper: Zapper) => {
+export const zapFromEvent = (response: TrustedEvent, zapper: Zapper) => {
   const responseMeta = Tags.fromEvent(response).asObject()
 
   let zap: Zap