import {bech32, utf8} from "@scure/base" /** Type representing null or undefined */ export type Nil = null | undefined /** Checks if a value is null or undefined */ export const isNil = (x: any) => [null, undefined].includes(x) /** Type representing an optional value */ export type Maybe = T | undefined /** Type that is shorthand for Record */ export type Obj = Record /** * Executes a function if the value is defined * @param x - The value to check * @param f - Function to execute if x is defined * @returns Result of f(x) if x is defined, undefined otherwise */ export const ifLet = (x: T | undefined, f: (x: T) => void) => x === undefined ? undefined : f(x) /** Function that does nothing and returns undefined */ export const noop = (...args: unknown[]) => undefined /** * Returns the first element of an array * @param xs - The array * @returns First element or undefined */ export const first = (xs: T[], ...args: unknown[]) => xs[0] /** * Returns the first element of the first array in a nested array * @param xs - Array of arrays * @returns First element of first array or undefined */ export const ffirst = (xs: T[][], ...args: unknown[]) => xs[0][0] /** * Returns the last element of an array * @param xs - The array * @returns Last element or undefined */ export const last = (xs: T[], ...args: unknown[]) => xs[xs.length - 1] /** * Returns the input value unchanged * @param x - Any value * @returns The same value */ export const identity = (x: T, ...args: unknown[]) => x /** * Creates a function that always returns the same value * @param x - Value to return * @returns Function that returns x */ export const always = (x: T, ...args: unknown[]) => () => x /** * Returns the logical NOT of a value * @param x - Value to negate * @returns !x */ export const not = (x: any, ...args: unknown[]) => !x /** Returns a function that returns the boolean negation of the given function */ export const complement = (f: (...args: T) => any) => (...args: T) => !f(...args) /** Converts a Maybe to a number, defaulting to 0 */ export const num = (x: Maybe) => x || 0 /** Adds two numbers, handling undefined values */ export const add = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) + num(y) /** Subtracts two numbers, handling undefined values */ export const sub = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) - num(y) /** Multiplies two numbers, handling undefined values */ export const mul = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) * num(y) /** Divides two numbers, handling undefined values */ export const div = (x: Maybe, y: number) => num(x) / y /** Increments a number by 1, handling undefined values */ export const inc = (x: Maybe) => add(x, 1) /** Decrements a number by 1, handling undefined values */ export const dec = (x: Maybe) => sub(x, 1) /** Less than comparison, handling undefined values */ export const lt = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) < num(y) /** Less than or equal comparison, handling undefined values */ export const lte = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) <= num(y) /** Greater than comparison, handling undefined values */ export const gt = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) > num(y) /** Greater than or equal comparison, handling undefined values */ export const gte = (x: Maybe, y: Maybe) => num(x) >= num(y) /** Returns maximum value in array, handling undefined values */ export const max = (xs: Maybe[]) => xs.reduce((a: number, b) => Math.max(num(a), num(b)), 0) /** Returns minimum value in array, handling undefined values */ export const min = (xs: Maybe[]) => xs.reduce((a: number, b) => Math.min(num(a), num(b)), 0) /** Returns sum of array values, handling undefined values */ export const sum = (xs: Maybe[]) => xs.reduce((a: number, b) => add(a, b), 0) /** Returns average of array values, handling undefined values */ export const avg = (xs: Maybe[]) => sum(xs) / xs.length /** * Returns array with first n elements removed * @param n - Number of elements to drop * @param xs - Input array * @returns Array with first n elements removed */ export const drop = (n: number, xs: T[]) => xs.slice(n) /** * Returns first n elements of array * @param n - Number of elements to take * @param xs - Input array * @returns Array of first n elements */ export const take = (n: number, xs: T[]) => xs.slice(0, n) /** * Creates new object with specified keys removed * @param ks - Keys to remove * @param x - Source object * @returns New object without specified keys */ export const omit = (ks: string[], x: T) => { const r: T = {...x} for (const k of ks) { delete r[k] } return r } /** * Creates new object excluding entries with specified values * @param xs - Values to exclude * @param x - Source object * @returns New object without entries containing specified values */ export const omitVals = (xs: any[], x: T) => { const r: Obj = {} for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(x)) { if (!xs.includes(v)) { r[k] = v } } return r as T } /** * Creates new object with only specified keys * @param ks - Keys to keep * @param x - Source object * @returns New object with only specified keys */ export const pick = (ks: string[], x: T) => { const r: T = {...x} for (const k of Object.keys(x)) { if (!ks.includes(k)) { delete r[k] } } return r } /** * Generates sequence of numbers from a to b * @param a - Start number (inclusive) * @param b - End number (exclusive) * @param step - Increment between numbers * @yields Numbers in sequence */ export function* range(a: number, b: number, step = 1) { for (let i = a; i < b; i += step) { yield i } } /** * Creates new object with transformed keys * @param f - Function to transform keys * @param x - Source object * @returns Object with transformed keys */ export const mapKeys = (f: (v: string) => string, x: T) => { const r: Obj = {} for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(x)) { r[f(k)] = v } return r as T } /** * Creates new object with transformed values * @param f - Function to transform values * @param x - Source object * @returns Object with transformed values */ export const mapVals = (f: (v: V) => U, x: Record) => { const r: Record = {} for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(x)) { r[k] = f(v) } return r } /** * Merges two objects, with left object taking precedence * @param a - Left object * @param b - Right object * @returns Merged object with a"s properties overriding b"s */ export const mergeLeft = (a: T, b: T) => ({ ...b, ...a, }) /** * Merges two objects, with right object taking precedence * @param a - Left object * @param b - Right object * @returns Merged object with b"s properties overriding a"s */ export const mergeRight = (a: T, b: T) => ({ ...a, ...b, }) /** Deep merge two objects, prioritizing the first argument. */ export const deepMergeLeft = (a: Obj, b: Obj) => deepMergeRight(b, a) /** Deep merge two objects, prioritizing the second argument. */ export const deepMergeRight = (a: Obj, b: Obj) => { a = {...a} for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(b)) { if (isPojo(v) && isPojo(a[k])) { a[k] = deepMergeRight(a[k], v) } else { a[k] = v } } return a } /** * Checks if a number is between two values (exclusive) * @param bounds - Lower and upper bounds * @param n - Number to check * @returns True if n is between low and high */ export const between = ([low, high]: [number, number], n: number) => n > low && n < high /** * Checks if a number is between two values (inclusive) * @param bounds - Lower and upper bounds * @param n - Number to check * @returns True if n is between low and high */ export const within = ([low, high]: [number, number], n: number) => n >= low && n <= high /** * Generates random integer between min and max (inclusive) * @param min - Minimum value * @param max - Maximum value * @returns Random integer */ export const randomInt = (min = 0, max = 9) => min + Math.round(Math.random() * (max - min)) /** * Generates random string ID * @returns Random string suitable for use as an ID */ export const randomId = (): string => Math.random().toString().slice(2) /** * Removes protocol (http://, https://, etc) from URL * @param url - URL to process * @returns URL without protocol */ export const stripProtocol = (url: string) => url.replace(/.*:\/\//, "") /** * Formats URL for display by removing protocol, www, and trailing slash * @param url - URL to format * @returns Formatted URL */ export const displayUrl = (url: string) => stripProtocol(url) .replace(/^(www\.)?/i, "") .replace(/\/$/, "") /** * Extracts and formats domain from URL * @param url - URL to process * @returns Formatted domain name */ export const displayDomain = (url: string) => displayUrl(first(url.split(/[\/\?]/))) /** * Creates a promise that resolves after specified time * @param t - Time in milliseconds * @returns Promise that resolves after t milliseconds */ export const sleep = (t: number) => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, t)) /** * Concatenates multiple arrays, filtering out null/undefined * @param xs - Arrays to concatenate * @returns Combined array */ export const concat = (...xs: T[][]) => xs.flatMap(x => (isNil(x) ? [] : x)) /** * Appends element to array * @param x - Element to append * @param xs - Array to append to * @returns New array with element appended */ export const append = (x: T, xs: T[]) => concat(xs, [x]) /** * Creates union of two arrays * @param a - First array * @param b - Second array * @returns Array containing unique elements from both arrays */ export const union = (a: T[], b: T[]) => uniq([...a, ...b]) /** * Returns elements common to both arrays * @param a - First array * @param b - Second array * @returns Array of elements present in both inputs */ export const intersection = (a: T[], b: T[]) => { const s = new Set(b) return a.filter(x => s.has(x)) } /** * Returns elements in first array not present in second * @param a - Source array * @param b - Array of elements to exclude * @returns Array containing elements unique to first array */ export const difference = (a: T[], b: T[]) => { const s = new Set(b) return a.filter(x => !s.has(x)) } /** * Removes all instances of an element from array * @param a - Element to remove * @param xs - Source array * @returns New array with element removed */ export const remove = (a: T, xs: T[]) => xs.filter(x => x !== a) /** * Returns elements from second array not present in first * @param a - Array of elements to exclude * @param b - Source array * @returns Filtered array */ export const without = (a: T[], b: T[]) => b.filter(x => !a.includes(x)) /** * Toggles presence of element in array * @param x - Element to toggle * @param xs - Source array * @returns New array with element added or removed */ export const toggle = (x: T, xs: T[]) => (xs.includes(x) ? remove(x, xs) : append(x, xs)) /** * Constrains number between min and max values * @param bounds - Minimum and maximum allowed values * @param n - Number to clamp * @returns Clamped value */ export const clamp = ([min, max]: [number, number], n: number) => Math.min(max, Math.max(min, n)) /** * Safely parses JSON string * @param json - JSON string to parse * @returns Parsed object or null if invalid */ export const parseJson = (json: string | Nil) => { if (!json) return undefined try { return JSON.parse(json) } catch (e) { return undefined } } /** * Gets and parses JSON from localStorage * @param k - Storage key * @returns Parsed value or undefined if invalid/missing */ export const getJson = (k: string) => parseJson(localStorage.getItem(k) || "") /** * Stringifies and stores value in localStorage * @param k - Storage key * @param v - Value to store */ export const setJson = (k: string, v: any) => localStorage.setItem(k, JSON.stringify(v)) /** * Safely executes function and handles errors * @param f - Function to execute * @param onError - Optional error handler * @returns Function result or undefined if error */ export const tryCatch = (f: () => T, onError?: (e: Error) => void): T | undefined => { try { const r = f() if (r instanceof Promise) { r.catch(e => onError?.(e as Error)) } return r } catch (e) { onError?.(e as Error) } return undefined } /** * Truncates string to length, breaking at word boundaries * @param s - String to truncate * @param l - Maximum length * @param suffix - String to append if truncated * @returns Truncated string */ export const ellipsize = (s: string, l: number, suffix = "...") => { if (s.length < l * 1.1) { return s } while (s.length > l && s.includes(" ")) { s = s.split(" ").slice(0, -1).join(" ") } return s + suffix } /** * Checks if value is a plain object * @param obj - Value to check * @returns True if value is a plain object */ export const isPojo = (obj: any) => { if (obj === null || typeof obj !== "object") { return false } return Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) === Object.prototype } /** * Deep equality comparison * @param a - First value * @param b - Second value * @returns True if values are deeply equal */ export const equals = (a: any, b: any) => { if (a === b) return true if (a instanceof Set && b instanceof Set) { a = Array.from(a) b = Array.from(b) } if (a instanceof Set) { if (!(b instanceof Set) || a.size !== b.size) { return false } return Array.from(a).every(x => b.has(x)) } if (Array.isArray(a)) { if (!Array.isArray(b) || a.length !== b.length) { return false } for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { if (!equals(a[i], b[i])) { return false } } return true } if (isPojo(a)) { if (!isPojo(b)) { return false } const aKeys = Object.keys(a) const bKeys = Object.keys(b) if (aKeys.length !== bKeys.length) { return false } for (const k of aKeys) { if (!equals(a[k], b[k])) { return false } } return true } return false } // Curried utils /** Returns a function that gets the nth element of an array */ export const nth = (i: number) => (xs: T[], ...args: unknown[]) => xs[i] /** Returns a function that checks if nth element equals value */ export const nthEq = (i: number, v: any) => (xs: any[], ...args: unknown[]) => xs[i] === v /** Returns a function that checks if nth element does not equal value */ export const nthNe = (i: number, v: any) => (xs: any[], ...args: unknown[]) => xs[i] !== v /** Returns a function that checks if key/value pairs of x match all pairs in spec */ export const spec = (values: Obj) => (x: Obj) => { for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(values)) { if (x[k] !== v) return false } return true } /** Returns a function that checks equality with value */ export const eq = (v: T) => (x: T) => x === v /** Returns a function that checks inequality with value */ export const ne = (v: T) => (x: T) => x !== v /** Returns a function that gets property value from object */ export const prop = (k: string) => (x: Record) => x[k] as T /** Returns a function that adds/updates property on object */ export const assoc = (k: K, v: T) => (o: U) => ({...o, [k as K]: v}) as U & Record /** Generates a hash string from input string */ export const hash = (s: string) => Math.abs(s.split("").reduce((a, b) => ((a << 5) - a + b.charCodeAt(0)) | 0, 0)).toString() // Collections /** Splits array into two parts at index */ export const splitAt = (n: number, xs: T[]) => [xs.slice(0, n), xs.slice(n)] /** Inserts element into array at index */ export const insert = (n: number, x: T, xs: T[]) => [...xs.slice(0, n), x, ...xs.slice(n)] /** Returns random element from array */ export const choice = (xs: T[]): T => xs[Math.floor(xs.length * Math.random())] /** Returns shuffled copy of iterable */ export const shuffle = (xs: Iterable): T[] => Array.from(xs).sort(() => (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1)) /** Returns n random elements from array */ export const sample = (n: number, xs: T[]) => shuffle(xs).slice(0, n) /** Checks if value is iterable */ export const isIterable = (x: any) => Symbol.iterator in Object(x) /** Ensures value is iterable by wrapping in array if needed */ export const toIterable = (x: any) => (isIterable(x) ? x : [x]) /** Ensures value is array by wrapping if needed */ export const ensurePlural = (x: T | T[]) => (x instanceof Array ? x : [x]) /** Converts string or number to number */ export const ensureNumber = (x: number | string) => parseFloat(x as string) /** Returns a function that gets property value from object */ export const pluck = (k: string, xs: Record[]) => xs.map(x => x[k] as T) /** * Creates object from array of key-value pairs * @param pairs - Array of [key, value] tuples * @returns Object with keys and values from pairs */ export const fromPairs = (pairs: [k?: string, v?: T, ...args: unknown[]][]) => { const r: Record = {} for (const [k, v] of pairs) { if (k && v) { r[k] = v } } return r } /** * Flattens array of arrays into single array * @param xs - Array of arrays to flatten * @returns Flattened array */ export const flatten = (xs: T[][]) => xs.flatMap(identity) /** * Splits array into two arrays based on predicate * @param f - Function to test elements * @param xs - Array to partition * @returns Tuple of [matching, non-matching] arrays */ export const partition = (f: (x: T) => boolean, xs: T[]) => { const a: T[] = [] const b: T[] = [] for (const x of xs) { if (f(x)) { a.push(x) } else { b.push(x) } } return [a, b] } /** * Returns array with duplicate elements removed * @param xs - Array with possible duplicates * @returns Array with unique elements */ export const uniq = (xs: T[]) => Array.from(new Set(xs)) /** * Returns array with elements unique by key function * @param f - Function to generate key for each element * @param xs - Input array * @returns Array with elements unique by key */ export const uniqBy = (f: (x: T) => any, xs: T[]) => { const s = new Set() const r = [] for (const x of xs) { const k = f(x) if (s.has(k)) { continue } s.add(k) r.push(x) } return r } /** * Returns sorted copy of array * @param xs - Array to sort * @returns New sorted array */ export const sort = (xs: T[]) => [...xs].sort() /** * Returns array sorted by key function * @param f - Function to generate sort key * @param xs - Array to sort * @returns Sorted array */ export const sortBy = (f: (x: T) => any, xs: T[]) => [...xs].sort((a: T, b: T) => { const x = f(a) const y = f(b) return x < y ? -1 : x > y ? 1 : 0 }) /** * Groups array elements by key function * @param f - Function to generate group key * @param xs - Array to group * @returns Map of groups */ export const groupBy = (f: (x: T) => K, xs: T[]) => { const r = new Map() for (const x of xs) { const k = f(x) let v = r.get(k) if (!v) { v = [] r.set(k, v) } v.push(x) } return r } /** * Creates map from array using key function * @param f - Function to generate key * @param xs - Array to index * @returns Map of values by key */ export const indexBy = (f: (x: T) => K, xs: T[]) => { const r = new Map() for (const x of xs) { r.set(f(x), x) } return r } /** * Creates array of specified length using generator function * @param n - Length of array * @param f - Function to generate each element * @returns Generated array */ export const initArray = (n: number, f: () => T) => { const result = [] for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { result.push(f()) } return result } /** * Splits array into chunks of specified length * @param chunkLength - Maximum length of each chunk * @param xs - Array to split * @returns Array of chunks */ export const chunk = (chunkLength: number, xs: T[]) => { const result: T[][] = [] const current: T[] = [] for (const item of xs) { if (current.length < chunkLength) { current.push(item) } else { result.push(current.splice(0)) } } if (current.length > 0) { result.push(current) } return result } /** * Splits array into specified number of chunks * @param n - Number of chunks * @param xs - Array to split * @returns Array of n chunks */ export const chunks = (n: number, xs: T[]) => { const result: T[][] = initArray(n, () => []) for (let i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) { result[i % n].push(xs[i]) } return result } /** * Creates function that only executes once * @param f - Function to wrap * @returns Function that executes f only on first call */ export const once = (f: (...args: any) => void) => { let called = false return (...args: any) => { if (!called) { called = true f(...args) } } } /** * Memoizes function results based on arguments * @param f - Function to memoize * @returns Memoized function */ export const memoize = (f: (...args: any[]) => T) => { let prevArgs: any[] let result: T return (...args: any[]) => { if (!equals(prevArgs, args)) { prevArgs = args result = f(...args) } return result } } /** * Creates throttled version of function * @param ms - Minimum time between calls * @param f - Function to throttle * @returns Throttled function */ export const throttle = any>(ms: number, f: F) => { if (ms === 0) { return f } let paused = false let nextArgs: Maybe> const unpause = () => { if (nextArgs) { f(...nextArgs) nextArgs = undefined } paused = false } return (...thisArgs: Parameters) => { if (!paused) { f(...thisArgs) paused = true setTimeout(unpause, ms) } else { nextArgs = thisArgs } } } /** * Creates throttled function that returns cached value * @param ms - Minimum time between updates * @param f - Function to throttle * @returns Function returning latest value */ export const throttleWithValue = (ms: number, f: () => T) => { let value: T const update = throttle(ms, () => { value = f() }) return () => { update() return value } } /** * Creates batching function that collects items * @param t - Time window for batching * @param f - Function to process batch * @returns Function that adds items to batch */ export const batch = (t: number, f: (xs: T[]) => void) => { const xs: T[] = [] const cb = throttle(t, () => xs.length > 0 && f(xs.splice(0))) return (x: T) => { xs.push(x) cb() } } /** * Creates batching function that returns results * @param t - Time window for batching * @param execute - Function to process batch * @returns Function that returns promise of result */ export const batcher = (t: number, execute: (request: T[]) => U[] | Promise) => { const queue: {request: T; resolve: (x: U) => void}[] = [] const _execute = async () => { const items = queue.splice(0) const results = await execute(items.map(item => item.request)) if (results.length !== items.length) { throw new Error("Execute must return a result for each request") } results.forEach(async (r, i) => items[i].resolve(await r)) } return (request: T): Promise => new Promise(resolve => { if (queue.length === 0) { setTimeout(_execute, t) } queue.push({request, resolve}) }) } /** * Adds value to Set at key in object * @param m - Object mapping keys to Sets * @param k - Key to add to * @param v - Value to add */ export const addToKey = (m: Record>, k: string, v: T) => { const s = m[k] || new Set() s.add(v) m[k] = s } /** * Pushes value to array at key in object * @param m - Object mapping keys to arrays * @param k - Key to push to * @param v - Value to push */ export const pushToKey = (m: Record, k: string, v: T) => { const a = m[k] || [] a.push(v) m[k] = a } /** * Adds value to Set at key in Map * @param m - Map of Sets * @param k - Key to add to * @param v - Value to add */ export const addToMapKey = (m: Map>, k: K, v: T) => { const s = m.get(k) || new Set() s.add(v) m.set(k, s) } /** * Pushes value to array at key in Map * @param m - Map of arrays * @param k - Key to push to * @param v - Value to push */ export const pushToMapKey = (m: Map, k: K, v: T) => { const a = m.get(k) || [] a.push(v) m.set(k, a) } /** * Switches on key in object, with default fallback * @param k - Key to look up * @param m - Object with values and optional default * @returns Value at key or default value */ export const switcher = (k: string, m: Record) => m[k] === undefined ? m.default : m[k] /** One minute in seconds */ export const MINUTE = 60 /** One hour in seconds */ export const HOUR = 60 * MINUTE /** One day in seconds */ export const DAY = 24 * HOUR /** One week in seconds */ export const WEEK = 7 * DAY /** One month in seconds (approximate) */ export const MONTH = 30 * DAY /** One quarter in seconds (approximate) */ export const QUARTER = 90 * DAY /** One year in seconds (approximate) */ export const YEAR = 365 * DAY /** * Multiplies time unit by count * @param unit - Time unit in seconds * @param count - Number of units * @returns Total seconds */ export const int = (unit: number, count = 1) => unit * count /** Returns current Unix timestamp in seconds */ export const now = () => Math.round(Date.now() / 1000) /** * Returns Unix timestamp from specified time ago * @param unit - Time unit in seconds * @param count - Number of units * @returns Timestamp in seconds */ export const ago = (unit: number, count = 1) => now() - int(unit, count) /** * Converts seconds to milliseconds * @param seconds - Time in seconds * @returns Time in milliseconds */ export const ms = (seconds: number) => seconds * 1000 /** Options for fetch requests */ type FetchOpts = { method?: string headers?: Record body?: string | FormData } /** * Fetches JSON from URL with options * @param url - URL to fetch from * @param opts - Fetch options * @returns Promise of parsed JSON response */ export const fetchJson = async (url: string, opts: FetchOpts = {}) => { if (!opts.headers) { opts.headers = {} } opts.headers["Accept"] = "application/json" const res = await fetch(url, opts as RequestInit) const json = await res.json() return json } /** * Posts JSON data to URL * @param url - URL to post to * @param data - Data to send * @param opts - Additional fetch options * @returns Promise of parsed JSON response */ export const postJson = async (url: string, data: T, opts: FetchOpts = {}) => { if (!opts.method) { opts.method = "POST" } if (!opts.headers) { opts.headers = {} } opts.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json" opts.body = JSON.stringify(data) return fetchJson(url, opts) } /** * Uploads file to URL * @param url - Upload URL * @param file - File to upload * @returns Promise of parsed JSON response */ export const uploadFile = (url: string, file: File) => { const body = new FormData() body.append("file", file) return fetchJson(url, {method: "POST", body}) } /** * Converts hex string to bech32 format * @param prefix - Bech32 prefix * @param hex - Hex string to convert * @returns Bech32 encoded string */ export const hexToBech32 = (prefix: string, hex: string) => bech32.encode(prefix, bech32.toWords(utf8.decode(hex)), false) /** * Converts bech32 string to hex format * @param b32 - Bech32 string to convert * @returns Hex encoded string */ export const bech32ToHex = (b32: string) => utf8.encode(bech32.fromWords(bech32.decode(b32 as any, false).words))